Every dog owner wants to ensure their beloved pet lives the longest and healthiest life possible, but feeding dry food every single day can become monotonous for any living creature. However, with the flood of advice on social media, advertisements, and claims from supposed experts, it can be difficult to discern what is actually true. Veterinarian Brian Collins has revealed which foods are safe for dogs and which should be strictly avoided. “Giving fresh food to dogs brings variety to their lives and is good for their mental wellbeing, as well as for digestion,” Collins emphasizes.
Before offering your dog food from your plate, it’s important to know several general guidelines. Avoid additives, especially the artificial sweetener xylitol, and stick to natural, whole foods. Always take into account your dog’s health condition, the medications they are taking, and their size. Always cut food into smaller pieces to prevent choking. While cooking for dogs is becoming increasingly popular, it requires expert guidance. “There is a whole science behind making sure a dog gets the appropriate amount of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and nutrients like calcium and other vitamins and minerals,” Collins explains.
Mental stimulation can also be provided in other ways, such as through slow feeder bowls or toys that can be filled with healthy treats. When in doubt, always consult with your veterinarian. Introducing simple, fresh foods into your dog’s diet can be easy, and adding more fresh fruits and vegetables to the menu will benefit all human members of the household as well.
Apples are an excellent source of vitamins C and A, potassium, antioxidants, and fiber. Be sure to cut them into pieces and remove the seeds, which can be toxic and cause digestive system blockage. Blueberries are rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, making them a healthy choice for both people and dogs. “Frozen berries can be an excellent way to cool down a dog,” says Collins. A bag of frozen blueberries in the freezer can serve as a tasty treat during hot days.
Peanuts are an excellent source of protein, and peanut butter can be used for giving medication, entertainment during bathing, or filling toys. Make sure the peanut butter is as simple as possible, without additives like palm oil, sugar, and salt. The best choice is one made only from raw, unsalted peanuts. Water-rich vegetables like cucumbers, green beans, and zucchini are an excellent choice, especially for dogs with large appetites or those who need to lose weight. Cucumbers are low in calories and rich in vitamins B, C, and K, as well as potassium and magnesium.
The best choice for meat is lean meat cooked in water or its own juices, without seasoning, excess oil, or fat. Collins warns of caution with bones, as they can break teeth, get stuck in the palate, or cause digestive system blockage. Lean meat like chicken or turkey, without skin and bones, is a safe choice. When it comes to portion sizes, moderation is key, and treats should never make up more than ten percent of a dog’s daily caloric intake.
Macadamia nut poisoning manifests as vomiting, weakness, elevated temperature, and central nervous system depression. “Around the holidays we often see dogs who have accidentally eaten macadamia nuts,” says Collins. Be especially careful if you are baking cookies with these nuts or if your dog has a habit of taking food from the table. Just one grape can cause irreversible kidney failure in dogs. If you suspect your dog has eaten grapes, raisins, or food containing them, contact your veterinarian immediately.
Chocolate contains caffeine and theobromin, chemicals that affect a dog’s central nervous system and heart and can cause dehydration. The darker the chocolate, meaning the higher the cocoa content, the more dangerous it is. For the same reason, all other foods containing caffeine, such as coffee, should also be avoided. Onions, garlic, leeks, and chives contain compounds that can damage red blood cells in dogs. Be careful when cooking because even a small piece can cause serious problems, especially for smaller dogs.
Anything containing xylitol is extremely toxic to dogs. Even a small amount will cause a sudden and dangerous drop in blood sugar, leading to vomiting, loss of balance, tremors, and can lead to liver failure. “I don’t keep chewing gum in my house at all,” says Collins, himself an owner of three dogs. Xylitol can hide in some peanut butters and sugar-free desserts as well.
Understanding canine nutrition is essential for responsible pet ownership. Dogs are omnivores, meaning they can digest both plant and animal-based foods, though their nutritional needs differ significantly from humans. Their digestive systems are shorter and more acidic than ours, designed to break down proteins and fats efficiently. Commercial dog foods are formulated to meet these specific nutritional requirements, providing balanced ratios of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. However, supplementing with safe fresh foods can provide additional nutrients and enrichment.
Dogs require six essential nutrients for optimal health including water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Protein supports muscle development and repair, while fats provide energy and help absorb certain vitamins. Carbohydrates offer another energy source and fiber for digestive health. The nutritional needs of dogs vary based on their age, size, activity level, and health status. Puppies require more protein and calories for growth, while senior dogs may need fewer calories but more joint-supporting nutrients. Working or highly active dogs burn more calories and may need diets higher in fat and protein.
What foods do you give your dog as treats, and have you noticed any foods that your pet particularly enjoys or avoids? Share your experiences in the comments.
